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[(use,)-341.8(or)-342(partner)-344.2(nonmonogamy)-344.1(found)-339.5(that)-339.9(experiencing)-346.4(IPV)]TJ
T*
[(was)-316.2(associated)-320.8(with)-310.8(sexual)-319.9(risk)-315.3(taking)-313.3(of)-313.2(the)-315.6(woman)-314(or)-313.2(her)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(partner.)-393.7(Similarly,)-396.2(IPV)-395.6(was)-391(associated)-395.7(with)-397.2(having)-388(an)-395(un-)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(planned)-269.4(pregnancy)-266.8(or)-267.1(an)-262.5(induced)-269.4(abortion)-263.6(in)-267.3(the)-263.8(majority)-270.7(of)]TJ
T*
[(studies)-244.9(\(13)-239.4(out)-245.3(of)-238.3(16\))-245.2(reviewed.)-247.1(Finally,)-242.9(nearly)-245.2(80%)-240.5(of)-238.3(those)]TJ
T*
[(studies)-267.9(examining)-267.2(the)-263.8(association)-263.3(between)-271.4(IPV)-263.2(and)-263.7(sexually)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(transmitted)-442.2(infections)-439.7(or)-434.1(urinary)-435.2(tract)-440(infections)-439.7(found)-437.5(an)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
(association.)Tj
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 108.3968 285.6755 Tm
(32)Tj
/F9 1 Tf
8.9663 0 0 8.9663 62.022 259.37 Tm
[(Maternal)-338.1(mental)-331.5(health)]TJ
/F5 1 Tf
9.843 0 0 9.843 72 242.929 Tm
[(IPV)-286.2(during)-283.2(pregnancy)-289.8(is)-284.4(associated)-292(with)-287.8(depression,)-287.2(both)]TJ
-1.0137 -1.1116 TD
[(during)-369.6(pregnancy)]TJ
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[(19,3)-8.6(3,34)]TJ
9.843 0 0 9.843 162.0283 231.9873 Tm
[(and)-367.3(in)-370.9(the)-367.5(postpartum)-370.5(period.)]TJ
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(3537)Tj
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[(Indeed,)-237(women)-233.4(experiencing)-237(abuse)-232.3(during)-231.3(pregnancy)-238(are)-236(2.5)]TJ
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[(times)-272.9(more)-271.7(likely)-267.3(to)-273(report)-267(depressive)-273.4(symptomatology)-272.7(than)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(their)-312.2(nonabused)-311.6(counterparts.)]TJ
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 179.6598 203.4708 Tm
(22)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 190.0913 199.1054 Tm
[(Depression)-313.4(has)-309.5(been)-312(identi-)]TJ
-13.0112 -1.1116 TD
[(ed)-252(as)-250.8(the)-252.3(most)-253.2(common)-252.1(mental)-258.1(health)-251.1(consequence)-253.9(of)-255.6(IPV,)]TJ
T*
[(with)-529.7(nearly)-533.2(40%)-528.5(of)-526.3(abused)-532.9(women)-527.1(reporting)-529.6(depressive)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
(symptomatology.)Tj
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(34,38)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 150.2929 166.2236 Tm
[(Post-traumatic)-296.7(stress)-289.5(disorder)-292.1(\(PTSD\))]TJ
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[(is)-428.4(also)-431.7(a)-434.2(common)-430.7(sequelae)-433.9(of)-434.1(IPV)-430.2(with)-431.8(reported)-431.7(rates)-433.9(of)]TJ
T*
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(3941)Tj
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[(Abused)-319.5(women)]TJ
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[(experience)-304.9(depression)-295.3(and)-298.2(PTSD)-299.9(as)-296.9(comorbidities)-300.4(at)-297.2(signif-)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(icantly)-419.4(higher)-422.6(rates)-422.4(than)-414.6(nonabused)-421(women.)-421.2(Research)-423.2(ex-)]TJ
T*
[(amining)-246.5(depression)-249.2(and)-246.4(PTSD)-248.1(had)-246.4(found)-247.4(that)-242(in)-250(49%)]TJ
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(-)Tj
/F5 1 Tf
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(75%)Tj
-22.4571 -1.1174 TD
[(of)-278.6(the)-281.1(cases,)-288.5(major)-278.7(depression)-283.8(co-occurred)-287.4(with)-282(PTSD.)]TJ
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(42,43)Tj
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[(The)-426.1(gravest)-424.6(consequences)-427.6(of)-428.4(IPV)-424.4(during)-421.4(pregnancy)-428.1(in-)]TJ
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0 -1.1116 TD
(ty.)Tj
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(4446)Tj
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[(Homicide)-209.3(and)-200.3(suicide)-205.9(are)-201.4(two)-205.9(potentially)-205.2(preventable)]TJ
22.3937 67.9184 TD
[(causes)-217.1(of)-209.5(maternal)-215.4(injury.)-211.9(A)-209.3(recent)-217.5(study)-207(utilized)-219(a)-209.6(multistate)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(sampl)-7.8(e)-347.8(from)-351.1(the)-350.2(National)-352.2(Violent)-350(Death)-354.4(Reporting)-352.2(System)]TJ
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[(and)-327(found)-328(pregnancy-associated)-329.5(suicide)-326.9(and)-327(homicide)-329.4(rates)]TJ
T*
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T*
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[(intimate)-577.3(partner)-574.6(conict)-574.6(attributable)-576(to)-572.5(the)-569(suicide,)-578(and)]TJ
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[(45.3%)-412.1(of)-405.3(pregnancy-associated)-421.6(homicides)-411(were)-410.7(associated)]TJ
T*
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7.3823 0 0 6.5614 354.5007 652.8187 Tm
(47)Tj
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[(Similar)-574.7(results)-573.2(have)-576.9(been)-576.9(found)-569.9(in)-572.5(several)]TJ
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[(other)-346.6(studies.)]TJ
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(4851)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 388.4597 637.455 Tm
[(These)-348.7(ndings)-341.6(highlight)-344.5(that)-345.6(pregnancy-)]TJ
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[(associated)-568.5(suicide)-568.8(and)-563.2(homicide)-565.6(each)-560.8(account)-570(for)-561.9(more)]TJ
T*
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[(of)-284.4(maternal)-284.5(mortality)-283.5(that)-282.3(receive)-283.2(greater)-282(attention.)]TJ
/F4 1 Tf
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[(Intimate)-335.8(Partner)-338.4(Violence)-333(and)-338.2(Neonatal)-330.2(Outcomes)]TJ
/F9 1 Tf
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[(Low)-334.1(birth)-340.3(weight)-332.7(and)-329.4(preterm)-338.8(birth)]TJ
/F5 1 Tf
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[(The)-460.7(effects)-460.3(of)-457.2(IPV)-459(extend)-458.3(to)-457.3(the)-459.6(consequent)-457.9(health)-458.4(of)]TJ
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[(IPV)-280.4(in)-284.5(low)-275(birth)-282.2(weight)-279.6(and)-280.9(increased)-285.2(rates)-284.2(of)-278.6(preterm)-282(birth)]TJ
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(1,36)Tj
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[(LBW)-566.5(and)-568.9(PTB)-569.8(are)-564.3(well)-571.2(established)-568.5(leading)]TJ
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[(causes)-263.1(of)-261.4(neonatal)-260.2(morbidity)-259.2(and)-257.9(mortality.)]TJ
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(13)Tj
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[(An)-256.5(analysis)-258.7(of)]TJ
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[(the)-309.9(U.S.)-309.3(PRAMS)-313.3(data)-312.1(revealed)-313.1(a)-307.5(signicant)-312.9(association)-309.4(be-)]TJ
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[(tween)-319.9(IPV)-315(during)-312(pregnancy)-318.6(and)-315.5(delivering)-319(a)-313.3(neonate)-316.6(clas-)]TJ
T*
[(sied)-444.2(as)-440.9(LBW,)-437.5(after)-445.6(adjusting)-437.5(for)-441(smoking)-440.9(maternal)-440(age,)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(government)-360.3(assistance,)-364.4(and)-355.8(education.)]TJ
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 467.8865 466.5258 Tm
(5)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 475.0298 462.1038 Tm
[(A)-359.1(study)-356.8(examining)]TJ
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[(maternal,)-495.3(fetal,)-489.5(neonatal,)-488.3(and)-488.3(infant)-486.1(outcomes)-490.4(of)-486(women)]TJ
T*
[(hospitalize)-10.2(d)-277.6(for)-279.7(assault)-280.6(during)-283.2(pregnancy)-284.1(found)-276.2(that)-282.3(women)]TJ
T*
[(who)-441.9(delivered)-439.8(an)-435.3(infant)-434.2(during)-438.7(the)-436.6(assault)-441.9(hospitalization)]TJ
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[(were)-393.5(over)-385.7(three)-393.8(times)-388.1(as)-389.1(likely)-388.3(to)-388.2(deliver)-390.4(a)-388.2(LBW)-387.9(neonate)]TJ
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[(\(odds)-650.4(ratio)-646.2([OR])]TJ
/F8 1 Tf
7.574 0 TD
(=)Tj
/F5 1 Tf
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[(3.10,)-643.7(95%)-649.5(condence)-648(interval)-650.8([95%)]TJ
-8.294 -1.1116 TD
(CI])Tj
/F8 1 Tf
1.5033 0 TD
(=)Tj
/F5 1 Tf
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[(1.257.71\))-655(as)-659.8(compared)-664.3(with)-656.4(unassaulted)-666.3(women.)]TJ
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[(Further,)-352(women)-348.6(discharged)-354.2(after)-347.7(an)-348.9(assault,)-353.2(delivering)-347.8(at)-349.1(a)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(subsequent)-422(hospitalization)-423.8(had)-419.2(increased)-423.4(risk)-419(of)-422.6(abruption)]TJ
T*
(\(OR)Tj
/F8 1 Tf
1.8892 0 TD
(=)Tj
/F5 1 Tf
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[(1.8,)-429.5(95%)-430.6(CI)]TJ
/F8 1 Tf
5.3623 0 TD
(=)Tj
/F5 1 Tf
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[(1.32.5\),)-431.6(hemorrhage)-436.1(\(OR)]TJ
/F8 1 Tf
11.1278 0 TD
(=)Tj
/F5 1 Tf
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[(1.8,)-435.3(95%)]TJ
-20.5276 -1.1174 TD
(CI)Tj
/F8 1 Tf
1.1692 0 TD
(=)Tj
/F5 1 Tf
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[(1.42.5\),)-523.7(and)-528.6(LBW)-526.2(\(OR)]TJ
/F8 1 Tf
10.7246 0 TD
(=)Tj
/F5 1 Tf
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[(1.7,)-521.7(95%)-528.5(CI)]TJ
/F8 1 Tf
5.5466 0 TD
(=)Tj
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[(1.51.9\))-526.1(as)]TJ
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[(compared)-255.4(with)-253.2(unassaulted)-257.4(women.)-254.1(This)-253.2(highlights)-253.3(the)-252.3(need)]TJ
T*
[(to)-301.8(monitor)-302.9(undelivered)-303.8(assaulted)-301.3(women)-302.5(closely)-303.8(for)-297(the)-298.3(du-)]TJ
T*
[(ration)-537.9(of)-537.8(their)-536.8(pregnancies.)]TJ
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(6)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 436.9322 319.6913 Tm
[(Similarly,)-534.4(women)-538.7(who)-539.8(had)]TJ
-12.585 -1.1174 TD
[(documented)-453.6(police)-452.7(reports)-446.5(of)-451.4(IPV)-447.5(occurring)-450(during)-450.2(preg-)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(nancy)-284.3(were)-278.3(more)-283.2(likely)-278.9(to)-278.8(have)-283.2(a)-278.7(LBW)-284.3(neonate)-282(\(OR)]TJ
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21.5759 0 TD
(=)Tj
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(1.67,)Tj
-22.2958 -1.1116 TD
[(95%)-373(CI)]TJ
/F8 1 Tf
3.3752 0 TD
(=)Tj
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[(1.122.49\))-372.8(or)-370.8(a)-370.9(very)-374.2(LBW)-370.7(infant)-376.6(\(e.g.,)-371.8(less)-373.9(than)]TJ
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[(1500)-384.5(grams\))-383.1(\(OR)]TJ
/F8 1 Tf
7.43 0 TD
(=)Tj
/F5 1 Tf
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[(2.78,)-384.6(95%)-378.7(CI)]TJ
/F8 1 Tf
5.7655 0 TD
(=)Tj
/F5 1 Tf
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(1.355.74\).)Tj
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(52)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 513.3542 275.8109 Tm
[(When)-382.2(as-)]TJ
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[(sessing)-192.7(the)-188.9(inuence)-190.8(of)-186.5(frequency)-191.9(of)-186.5(abuse)-191.9(during)-185.3(pregnancy,)]TJ
T*
[(resear)-9.8(ch)-239.5(has)-246.2(demonstrated)-248.4(more)-242.9(frequent)-241.6(abuse)-243.8(\(e.g.,)-245.1(greater)]TJ
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[(than)-230.3(10)-226.8(times)-232.6(during)-231.3(pregnancy\))-227.6(as)-233.6(predictive)-228(of)-226.8(delivering)-232.6(a)]TJ
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[(LBW)-370.7(neonate)-368.4(\(OR)]TJ
/F8 1 Tf
7.9714 0 TD
(=)Tj
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[(2.9,)-360.4(95%)-367.2(CI)]TJ
/F8 1 Tf
5.224 0 TD
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(1.26.6\).)Tj
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(53)Tj
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[(Finally,)-369.6(two)]TJ
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[(recen)-9(t)-185.5(meta-analyses)-194(of)-192.2(IPV-pregnancy)-191.2(studie)-7.8(s)-185.2(found)-189.8(women)]TJ
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[(experiencing)-202.4(IPV)-199.8(during)-196.8(pregnancy)-197.7(were)-203.4(at)-193.6(increased)-204.5(risk)-194.4(for)]TJ
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[(PTB)-230(and)-223.3(delivering)-226.8(a)-226.9(LBW)-226.7(neonate.)]TJ
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(1,3)Tj
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[(It)-226.9(is)-226.8(important)-225.8(to)-227(note)]TJ
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[(that)-288.1(several)-287.6(studies)-291(have)-283.2(not)-285.7(found)-287.7(a)-284.5(signicant)-289.8(relationship)]TJ
T*
[(betwe)-8.8(en)-297.1(IPV)-297.7(and)-298.2(delivering)-301.7(preterm)-299.3(or)-295.9(having)-301.6(a)-296(LBW)-301.5(neo-)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
(nate.)Tj
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(5457)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 353.5936 166.2236 Tm
[(A)-313(possible)-315.1(explanation)-315.5(for)-314.3(the)-315.6(failure)-309.7(of)-313.2(previous)]TJ
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[(resear)-9.8(ch)-516(to)-520.7(nd)-521.5(associations)-523.4(between)-519.1(abuse)-526(and)-517.1(adverse)]TJ
T*
[(neona)-7.8(tal)-321.5(outcomes)-323.3(is)-318.9(that)-322.6(the)-321.4(study)-322.2(sample)-321.1(sizes)-324.4(were)-324.3(rela-)]TJ
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[(tively)-440.1(small,)-431.9(and)-436.4(the)-436.6(reported)-431.7(prevalence)-443.1(of)-434.1(abuse)-433.9(during)]TJ
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[(pregnancy)-203.4(was)-195.2(low.)-192(Several)-201.2(of)-192.2(the)-200.4(studies)-193.1(had)-200.3(samples)-195.3(of)-198(less)]TJ
T*
[(than)-483.7(600)-475.6(women,)-484.5(and)-476.8(the)-482.7(prevalence)-483.5(of)-480.2(violence)-484.9(in)-474.6(ve)]TJ
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[(studie)-7.8(s)-196.7(was)]TJ
/F8 1 Tf
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()Tj
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(10%.)Tj
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[(54,55,57)-8.7(60)]TJ
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[(Similarly,)-200.4(it)-198.3(is)-203.7(important)-197(to)-203.9(note)]TJ
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[(that)-316.9(generalizations)-316.4(are)-310.9(difcult)-315.4(across)-313.8(studies)-314(nding)-311.8(posi-)]TJ
T*
[(tive)-403.2(associations)-408.2(due)-401.9(to)-405.5(different)-404.1(populations)-405.1(sampled,)-400.5(as-)]TJ
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[(sessments,)-287(methods,)-284.2(and)-280.9(data)-283.3(analysis.)-285.2(For)-279.6(example,)-286.7(studies)]TJ
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[(do)-376.6(not)-377.8(uniformly)-380(control)-377.7(for)-377.6(background)-376.2(and)-378.8(other)-375.4(related)]TJ
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(2)Tj
46.2837 0 TD
[(ALHUSEN)-335.2(ET)-338.7(AL.)]TJ
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[(Le)18.5(ss)-353.1(st)15.1(ud)20.8(ie)19.5(d)-364(i)0(s)-353.5(t)0(h)20.7(e)-365.1(as)19.9(so)15.3(ci)19.5(at)19.5(io)20.7(n)-364(b)0(e)19.7(t)0(w)19.8(e)0(e)18.5(n)-364(IP)21(V)-364.8(d)0(u)20.8(r)0(i)15(n)0(g)-353.5(p)0(r)20.9(e)0(g)19.7(-)]TJ
-1.0137 -1.1116 TD
[(na)19.7(nc)13.9(y)-323.6(a)0(n)19.7(d)-323.6(de)19.7(li)20.6(ve)19.7(ri)20.7(ng)-313.2(a)-324.8(n)0(e)19.7(o)0(n)20.8(a)0(t)13.8(e)-319(cl)13.8(as)19.9(si)20.9(e)19.8(d)-323.6(a)0(s)-314.2(s)0(m)19.8(a)0(l)19.6(l)-323.8(fo)15.1(r)-323.6(g)0(e)19.7(s)0(t)20.9(a)0(-)]TJ
T*
[(ti)14.8(on)20.8(al)-245.4(ag)19.7(e)-255.7(\()0(S)21(G)0(A)19.1(\))0(.)-246.4(S)0(G)20.1(A)-255.4(ne)19.7(on)20.8(at)13.8(es)-245.1(ar)19.7(e)-255.7(t)0(h)20.7(o)0(s)21(e)-255.7(wh)20(o)-254.5(a)0(r)14(e)-255.7(sm)19.8(al)19.5(le)19.6(r)-254.5(i)0(n)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(si)15.1(ze)-401.9(th)20.7(an)-406.5(no)20.8(rm)19.7(al)-406.7(fo)20.9(r)-415.8(t)0(h)20.7(e)0(i)19.5(r)-415.8(ge)19.7(st)20.9(at)19.5(io)20.7(na)19.7(l)-415.9(a)0(g)19.7(e)0(,)-403.1(m)0(o)19.6(s)0(t)-405.3(c)0(o)19.7(m)0(m)18.4(o)0(n)20.8(l)0(y)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(de)19.7(n)15.2(ed)-389.3(as)-389.1(a)-399.7(b)0(i)20.7(r)0(t)20.7(h)-398.5(we)18.8(ig)20.7(ht)-394(be)19.7(lo)20.7(w)-399.4(t)0(h)20.7(e)-399.7(10)20.8(th)-388.2(pe)19.7(rc)19.7(en)19.7(ti)14.8(le)-389.4(fo)20.9(r)-398.5(t)0(h)20.7(e)]TJ
T*
[(ge)19.7(st)15.1(at)19.5(io)20.7(na)19.7(l)-346.8(a)0(g)19.7(e)0(.)-334(S)0(G)14.4(A)-341.8(ne)19.7(on)15.1(at)19.5(es)-337.2(ar)19.7(e)-347.8(a)0(t)-331.8(i)0(n)20.7(c)0(r)14(e)0(a)18.5(s)0(e)19.9(d)-346.7(ri)20.7(sk)-336.1(of)-336.2(ea)18.5(rl)20.7(y)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(ch)19.7(il)14.8(dh)20.8(oo)20.8(d)-404.3(d)0(e)19.7(v)0(e)19.7(l)0(o)20.7(p)0(m)19.6(e)0(n)19.7(t)0(a)19.5(l)-404.4(an)13.9(d)-404.3(b)0(e)19.7(h)0(a)19.7(v)0(i)20.7(o)0(r)20.9(a)0(l)-395.2(p)0(r)20.9(o)0(b)20.8(l)0(e)13.8(m)15(s.)]TJ
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 264.5858 612.6802 Tm
[(61)24.7(,6)20.4(2)]TJ
9.843 0 0 9.843 284.8251 608.2581 Tm
[(Im)19.6(-)]TJ
-22.866 -1.1116 TD
[(po)15.1(rt)20.7(an)19.7(tl)20.6(y,)-361.6(ex)19.7(is)20.9(ti)20.6(ng)-359.3(re)14(se)19.9(ar)19.7(ch)-360.5(ha)19.7(s)-369.5(d)0(e)19.7(m)0(o)19.6(n)0(s)15.3(t)0(r)20.7(a)0(t)19.5(e)0(d)-360.5(a)0(n)-360.5(a)0(s)19.9(s)0(o)15.3(c)0(i)19.5(a)0(t)19.6(i)0(o)20.7(n)]TJ
T*
[(be)19.7(tw)14.1(ee)18.5(n)-352.4(b)0(e)19.7(i)0(n)20.7(g)-352.4(bo)20.8(rn)-342(SG)20.1(A)-353.3(a)0(n)13.9(d)-352.4(an)-343.2(in)20.7(cr)19.7(ea)18.5(se)19.9(d)-352.4(r)0(a)19.7(t)0(e)-343.3(o)0(f)-347.8(c)0(o)19.7(r)0(o)20.9(n)0(a)19.7(r)0(y)]TJ
T*
[(he)19.7(ar)14(t)-295(d)0(i)20.7(s)0(e)19.9(a)0(s)19.9(e)0(,)-287.9(s)0(t)15.1(r)0(o)20.9(k)0(e)19.7(,)-297.2(no)20.8(ni)20.7(ns)21(ul)20.7(in)20.7(-d)15.1(ep)19.7(en)19.7(de)19.7(nt)-284.6(di)20.7(ab)13.9(et)19.5(es)-285.4(me)18.4(ll)20.6(it)20.6(us)21(,)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(ad)19.7(ip)15(os)21(it)20.6(y,)-332.8(an)13.9(d)-340.9(m)0(e)18.4(t)0(a)19.6(b)0(o)15.1(l)0(i)20.6(c)-342.1(sy)15.3(nd)20.8(ro)20.9(me)-338.7(in)-336.4(ad)19.7(ul)20.7(th)20.7(oo)20.8(d.)]TJ
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 253.5873 568.7999 Tm
-.0162 Tc
[(63)-16.2()8.5(6)-16.2(5)]TJ
9.843 0 0 9.843 275.0739 564.4345 Tm
0 Tc
[(Wh)18.6(il)20.6(e)]TJ
-21.8754 -1.1116 TD
[(li)14.8(m)15(i)0(t)14.8(e)0(d)19.7(,)-562.1(re)19.7(se)14.1(ar)19.7(ch)-556.3(ex)19.7(am)18.5(in)20.7(in)20.7(g)-565.5(t)0(h)20.7(e)-566.7(as)19.9(so)21(ci)19.5(at)13.8(io)20.7(n)-565.5(b)0(e)19.7(t)0(w)19.8(e)0(e)18.5(n)-565.5(IP)21(V)]TJ
T*
[(du)15.1(ri)20.7(ng)-301.7(pr)15.1(eg)19.7(na)19.7(nc)19.7(y)-317.9(a)0(n)19.7(d)-312.1(de)19.7(li)14.8(ve)19.7(ri)20.7(ng)-307.5(a)-313.3(S)0(G)20.1(A)-318.7(ne)19.7(on)20.8(at)19.5(e)-319(h)0(a)19.7(s)-317.7(yi)20.7(el)19.5(de)19.7(d)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(mi)19.5(xe)19.7(d)-179.6(r)0(e)19.7(s)0(u)21(l)0(t)20.6(s)0(.)-171.4(T)15(hi)14.9(s)-173.7(m)0(a)18.4(y)-173.9(be)-170.4(in)-163.6(pa)19.7(rt)-169.3(du)20.8(e)-175(t)0(o)-169.4(a)-175(wi)19.8(de)-170.4(va)19.7(ri)20.7(at)19.6(io)20.7(n)-179.6(i)0(n)-163.6(t)0(h)20.7(e)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(pr)15.1(ev)19.7(al)19.5(en)19.7(ce)-321.3(\(e)19.7(.g)18.5(.)13.9(,)-331.7(3%)19.8(1)20.8(9%)19.8(\))-335.1(o)0(f)-318.9(d)0(i)20.7(s)0(c)19.9(l)0(o)20.7(s)0(e)19.9(d)-335.2(ab)19.7(us)21(e)-330.6(i)0(n)-319.1(t)0(h)20.7(e)0(s)14.1(e)-330.6(st)20.9(ud)20.8(-)]TJ
T*
[(ie)19.6(s.)]TJ
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 72.7937 514.0345 Tm
[(12)24.7(,6)20.4(0)16.2(,)0(6)28.1(6)]TJ
9.843 0 0 9.843 100.0063 509.6692 Tm
[(Th)19.6(er)19.7(e)-198.1(i)0(s)-192.2(a)-203.8(ne)19.7(ed)-193.4(fo)20.9(r)-202.7(s)0(t)20.9(u)0(d)20.8(i)0(e)19.6(s)-202.5(to)-192.4(ex)19.7(pl)20.7(ic)19.6(at)19.6(e)-203.8(h)0(o)20.8(w)-203.6(in)20.7(ti)20.6(ma)18.4(te)]TJ
-4.0894 -1.1174 TD
[(pa)19.7(rt)15(ne)19.7(r)-369.7(v)0(i)20.7(o)0(l)20.7(e)0(n)19.7(c)0(e)-361.6(w)0(a)18.8(s)-369.5(de)19.7(n)21(ed)13.9(,)-366.3(h)0(o)20.8(w)-370.6(th)20.7(e)-370.9(a)0(s)19.9(s)0(e)19.9(s)0(s)15.5(m)0(e)18.4(n)0(t)-359.4(w)0(a)18.8(s)-369.5(co)19.7(n-)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(du)15.1(ct)19.5(ed)-412.3(\(i)20.7(.e)17.3(.,)-415.8(wh)20(o)-421.6(a)0(s)19.9(s)0(e)14.1(s)0(s)21.2(e)0(d)19.7(,)-423.9(wh)20(er)19.7(e)-428.5(t)0(h)20.7(e)-422.7(as)19.9(se)14.1(ss)21.2(me)18.4(nt)-411.3(wa)18.8(s)-427.1(c)0(o)19.7(n)0(-)]TJ
T*
[(du)15.1(ct)19.5(ed)19.7(\),)-206.1(an)19.7(d)-214.2(a)0(t)-210.8(w)0(h)20(a)0(t)-210.8(p)0(o)20.8(i)0(n)20.7(t)-214.3(du)15.1(ri)20.7(ng)-203.8(th)20.7(e)-221.1(p)0(e)19.7(r)0(i)20.7(n)0(a)19.7(t)0(a)19.6(l)-220.1(pe)19.7(ri)20.7(od)-209.5(vi)20.7(ol)20.7(en)19.7(ce)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(wa)18.8(s)-294.6(a)0(s)19.9(s)0(e)19.9(s)0(s)21.2(e)0(d)19.7(.)-291.4(A)-289.9(r)0(e)19.7(c)0(e)18.5(n)0(t)-278.8(s)0(t)20.9(u)0(d)20.8(y)-289.1(co)19.7(nd)15.1(uc)19.7(te)19.6(d)-289.1(i)0(n)-278.8(a)-290.2(lo)20.7(w-)20(in)20.7(co)19.7(me)18.5(,)-291.4(u)0(r)20.9(-)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(ba)19.7(n,)-223.4(pr)15.1(ed)19.7(om)19.6(in)20.7(an)19.7(tl)20.6(y)-231.5(A)0(f)20(r)0(i)15(c)0(a)18.5(n)-231.5(Am)18.7(er)19.7(ic)19.6(an)-222.2(sa)14.1(m)15(p)0(l)14.9(e)-232.6(fo)20.9(un)20.8(d)-231.5(t)0(h)15(a)0(t)-222.4(a)0(f)19.7(t)0(e)19.6(r)]TJ
T*
[(ad)19.7(ju)15(st)20.9(in)20.7(g)-260.3(f)0(o)20.9(r)-266(ed)19.7(uc)19.7(at)19.5(io)20.7(n,)-252.2(in)20.7(co)19.7(me)18.4(,)-262.6(m)15(ar)14(it)20.6(al)-251.2(st)20.9(at)19.5(us)15.3(,)-256.9(a)0(n)19.7(d)-260.3(su)15.3(bs)21(ta)19.6(nc)19.7(e)]TJ
T*
[(us)15.3(e,)-414.6(ex)19.7(pe)19.7(ri)20.7(en)19.7(ci)19.5(ng)-416.9(IP)21(V)-422.4(w)0(a)18.8(s)-427.1(as)19.9(so)21(ci)13.8(at)19.5(ed)-412.3(wi)19.8(th)-417(ov)20.8(er)-412.3(v)15.2(e)-422.7(t)0(i)20.6(m)0(e)18.4(s)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(in)15(cr)19.7(ea)18.5(se)19.9(d)-306.4(o)0(d)20.8(d)0(s)-301.5(f)0(o)20.9(r)-306.3(an)19.7(y)-312.1(a)0(d)19.7(v)0(e)19.7(r)0(s)21.1(e)-307.5(ne)19.7(on)15.1(at)19.6(al)-297.2(ou)20.8(tc)19.6(om)19.6(e)-313.3(\()0(e)19.7(.)13.9(g.)-298.3(SG)20.1(A,)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(LB)18.6(W,)-173.8(PT)19.8(B\))-170.2(\(a)19.7(dj)20.7(us)21(te)19.6(d)-179.6(o)0(d)15.1(d)0(s)-169(r)0(a)19.7(t)0(i)20.6(o)-179.6([a)19.7(OR)18.9(])]TJ
/F8 1 Tf
15.3554 0 TD
(=)Tj
/F5 1 Tf
.7084 0 TD
[(5.)18.5(34)20.8(;)-179.8(9)0(5)20.8(%)-180.7(CI)]TJ
/F8 1 Tf
5.3104 0 TD
(=)Tj
/F5 1 Tf
.7084 0 TD
[(1.)18.5(97)20.8()]TJ
-22.0827 -1.1116 TD
[(14)15.1(.)13.9(4)0(6)20.8(\))-369.7(an)19.7(d)-375.5(s)0(p)21(e)0(c)18.5(i)0()20.9(c)0(a)18.5(l)0(l)20.6(y)-369.7(wi)19.8(th)-359.4(a)-370.9(f)0(o)15.1(u)0(r)20.9(f)0(o)20.9(l)0(d)-359.4(i)0(n)20.7(c)0(r)19.7(e)0(a)18.5(s)0(e)-366(i)0(n)-359.4(h)0(a)19.7(v)0(i)20.7(n)0(g)-359.3(a)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(SG)14.4(A)-266.9(n)0(e)19.7(o)0(n)20.8(a)0(t)13.8(e)-267.2(\(a)19.7(OR)]TJ
/F8 1 Tf
7.8678 0 TD
(=)Tj
/F5 1 Tf
.7084 0 TD
[(4.)18.5(00)20.8(;)-271.9(9)0(5)20.8(%)-272.9(CI)]TJ
/F8 1 Tf
5.4948 0 TD
(=)Tj
/F5 1 Tf
.7084 0 TD
[(1.)24.3(58)15.1(9)20.8(.)13.9(9)0(7)15.1(\))0(.)]TJ
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 249.222 393.5054 Tm
(12)Tj
/F9 1 Tf
8.9663 0 0 8.9663 59.7543 365.3857 Tm
[(Perinatal)-337.7(death)]TJ
/F5 1 Tf
9.843 0 0 9.843 69.7323 348.9448 Tm
[(Several)-287.6(studies)-285.2(have)-289(investigated)-287.7(the)-286.8(association)-286.3(between)]TJ
-1.0137 -1.1116 TD
[(IPV)-424.4(during)-421.4(pregnancy)-428.1(and)-419.2(perinatal)-428.5(death)-422.7(\(e.g.,)-423.7(fetal)-422.8(loss)]TJ
T*
[(after)-249.8(20)-249.9(weeks)-250.4(gestation)-254.3(up)-244.1(to)-250(neonatal)-248.7(death)-249.9(occurring)]TJ
/F8 1 Tf
22.5723 0 TD
()Tj
/F5 1 Tf
.72 0 TD
(28)Tj
-23.2922 -1.1174 TD
[(days)-345.2(after)-347.7(delivery\).)-344.2(In)-342(a)-342.1(large)-347.7(sample)-344.2(of)-342(women)-348.6(attending)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(family)-596.7(practice)-595.4(clinics)-592(in)-589.8(South)-593(Carolina,)-591.8(abuse)-595.1(during)]TJ
T*
[(pregnancy)-215(was)-206.7(signicantly)-211.5(associated)-217.1(with)-207.1(an)-210.7(increased)-210.3(risk)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(of)-244.1(perinatal)-249.9(death)-244.1(\(adjusted)-248.4(relative)-248.8(risk)]TJ
/F8 1 Tf
16.1157 0 TD
(=)Tj
/F5 1 Tf
.72 0 TD
[(2.1,)-245.2(95%)-246.3(CI)]TJ
/F8 1 Tf
4.9879 0 TD
(=)Tj
/F5 1 Tf
.72 0 TD
(1.3)Tj
-22.5435 -1.1116 TD
(3.4\).)Tj
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 77.8393 276.6046 Tm
(53)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 87.9307 272.2393 Tm
[(In)-272.9(a)-273(large)-272.9(study)-276.1(that)-270.8(examined)-278.6(maternal)-278.7(and)-269.4(neonatal)]TJ
-2.8626 -1.1116 TD
[(outcomes)-432.8(for)-429.5(those)-432.8(women)-429.2(hospitalized)-431.7(during)-432.9(pregnancy)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(after)-457.2(sustaining)-449.9(an)-452.6(assault,)-456.8(researchers)-455.2(found)-454.7(that)-449.3(women)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(delivering)-255.6(in)-255.8(the)-252.3(same)-255.4(hospital)-252.1(stay)-253.2(as)-256.6(the)-252.3(assaultive)-256.4(episode)]TJ
T*
[(had)-620.8(more)-617.3(than)-622(an)-619.6(8-fold)-617.2(increased)-625(risk)-620.6(of)-612.7(fetal)-624.3(death)]TJ
T*
(\(aOR)Tj
/F8 1 Tf
2.3384 0 TD
(=)Tj
/F5 1 Tf
.7142 0 TD
[(8.13,)-534.3(95%)-528.5(CI)]TJ
/F8 1 Tf
6.065 0 TD
(=)Tj
/F5 1 Tf
.72 0 TD
[(4.614.3\))-532.9(and)-528.6(nearly)-533.2(a)-532.1(6-fold)-530.8(in-)]TJ
-9.8376 -1.1174 TD
[(creased)-334.7(risk)-332.6(of)-330.5(neonatal)-335.1(death)-330.5(\(aOR)]TJ
/F8 1 Tf
14.9119 0 TD
(=)Tj
/F5 1 Tf
.72 0 TD
[(5.94;)-330.5(95%)-332.7(CI)]TJ
/F8 1 Tf
5.6906 0 TD
(=)Tj
/F5 1 Tf
.72 0 TD
(3.43)Tj
-22.0424 -1.1116 TD
(10.28\).)Tj
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 87.6472 199.8992 Tm
(6)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 95.4708 195.5338 Tm
[(Finally,)-415.7(in)-417(a)-417(large)-422.6(sample)-419(of)-416.9(low-income)-418.9(women)]TJ
-3.6286 -1.1116 TD
[(residing)-303.8(in)-296.1(Texas,)-306(experiencing)-300.3(physical)-305(abuse)-301.4(during)-300.5(preg-)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(nancy)-330.4(was)-327.7(associated)-332.3(with)-322.3(an)-325.9(increased)-331.3(neonatal)-329.3(death)-330.5(rate)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(\(1.5%)-279.6(versus)-278.1(0.2%)]TJ
/F10 1 Tf
7.8793 0 TD
.2741 Tc
(,p)Tj
/F8 1 Tf
1.1923 0 TD
0 Tc
(=)Tj
/F5 1 Tf
.72 0 TD
[(0.004\),)-271.5(physic)-7.7(al-abuse)-277.1(group)-276.2(versus)]TJ
-9.7915 -1.1116 TD
[(no-abuse)-287.4(group)-276.2(\(i.e.,)-285.6(verbal,)-283.2(physical\),)-280.7(respectively.)]TJ
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 266.0598 156.0755 Tm
(67)Tj
/F9 1 Tf
8.9663 0 0 8.9663 59.7543 127.8991 Tm
[(Mechanisms)-338.9(of)-330.4(action)]TJ
/F5 1 Tf
9.843 0 0 9.843 69.7323 111.4582 Tm
[(There)-360.3(is)-353.5(a)-353.6(growing)-360(recognition)-354.6(of)-359.3(the)-355.9(need)-358.1(to)-353.7(better)-354.7(un-)]TJ
-1.0137 -1.1174 TD
[(derstand)-310.5(how)-303.7(the)-304.1(experience)-310.7(of)-307.4(IPV)-303.5(may)-305.2(contribute)-307.4(to)-307.6(poor)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(maternal)-232.6(and)-223.3(neonatal)-231.4(outcomes.)-228.9(IPV)-222.8(may)-230.3(contribute)-226.8(to)-227(poor)]TJ
T*
[(outcomes,)-326.8(including)-328.3(an)-325.9(increased)-331.3(risk)-321.1(of)-324.7(spontaneous)-331(abor-)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(tion,)-347.9(fetal)-353.6(loss,)-347.4(PTB,)-348.6(LBW,)-345.3(and)-350(neonatal)-352.4(death,)-345.5(as)-348.7(a)-347.8(direct)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(result)-197.9(of)-192.2(blunt)-195.8(physical)-195.5(trauma)-194.6(to)-192.4(the)-194.7(mother.)-196.8(Physical)-195.4(trauma)]TJ
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(70)Tj
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T*
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T*
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T*
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T*
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(72)Tj
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[(11,27,28)-9.5(,73)]TJ
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[(These)-360.2(be-)]TJ
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T*
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(7476)Tj
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(79)Tj
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T*
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(8588)Tj
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T*
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(90,91)Tj
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[(Despite)-500.5(multiple)-501.3(organizations)-507.6(endorsing)-500.6(screening)-502.9(for)]TJ
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[(IPV,)-301.2(evidence)-307.3(suggests)-303.3(actual)-309.9(screening)-307.1(rates)-301.5(in)-301.8(health)-302.9(care)]TJ
T*
[(settings)-580.2(remain)-574.7(low.)-577.9(There)-579.2(are)-575.8(several)-581.3(reasons)-579.8(for)-573.4(low)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(screening)-381.9(rates,)-385.5(including)-380.1(gaps)-379.8(in)-382.5(provider)-378.7(knowledge)-381.9(and)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(lack)-433.1(of)-428.4(education)-428.4(regarding)-432.8(IPV;)-431.4(provider)-430.5(perception)-429.4(that)]TJ
T*
[(patients)-362.7(wont)-357.8(be)-354.7(compliant)-359.4(\(i.e.,)-360.4(patients)-356.9(will)-362.8(not)-354.8(disclose)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(abuse\);)-286.4(lack)-289.1(of)-284.4(effective)-285.5(interventions)-287.6(to)-284.6(adequately)-292.4(address)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(IPV;)-345(provider)-344.1(self-efcacy;)-354(fear)-346.5(of)-342(offending)-345.2(patients;)-346.6(pro-)]TJ
T*
[(viders)-411.9(personal)-414.2(experience)-420.1(with)-414.5(abuse;)-412(fears)-416.5(of)-411.1(being)-410(in-)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(volved)-434.1(with)-426(the)-430.8(judicial)-432.1(system;)-436.2(and)-430.7(lack)-427.3(of)-434.1(standardized)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(recommendations)-403.8(on)-399.6(timing)-399.9(and)-401.9(frequency)-399.2(of)-399.6(screening.)]TJ
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 293.7259 455.5274 Tm
(92)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 62.022 440.2204 Tm
[(Clearly,)-412.2(efforts)-411.9(to)-411.3(improve)-407.6(universal)-415.5(screening)-410.7(for)-406.4(IPV)-412.9(in)]TJ
T*
[(health)-245.3(care)-238.2(settings)-246.1(are)-241.7(necessary.)-242.2(Further)-239.2(research)-249.4(is)-238.3(needed)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(on)-491.8(validating)-491.9(screening)-491.4(tools)-489.4(in)-491.9(a)-491.8(variety)-488.3(of)-491.7(geographic,)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(cultural)-270.7(and)-269.4(practice)-272.9(settings.)-272.6(Additionally,)-267(more)-271.7(research)-272.4(is)]TJ
T*
[(needed)-390.2(to)-388.2(determine)-389.2(the)-384.7(most)-391.5(accurate,)-392.5(efcient,)-390.2(and)-384.6(con-)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(sistent)-285.3(way)-281.8(to)-278.8(administer)-285.4(screening)-284(instruments.)]TJ
1.0137 -1.1116 TD
[(Prenatal)-294.6(care)-295.8(presents)-298.8(a)-290.2(unique)-295.9(window)-296.5(of)-290.2(opportunity)-294.7(in)]TJ
-1.0137 -1.1116 TD
[(which)-295.7(health)-297.2(care)-295.8(providers)-298.9(can)-299.4(foster)-295.6(trusting)-297(relationships)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(with)-362.6(pregnant)-362.6(women,)-363.6(thereby)-367.2(increasing)-365.9(the)-361.7(likelihood)-364(of)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(IPV)-533.9(detection)-532.2(and)-528.6(mitigating)-532.4(its)-533.3(related)-529.8(negative)-536.7(conse-)]TJ
T*
[(quences)-448.7(to)-445.8(both)-448(mother)-446.8(and)-442.2(child.)-448.1(Importantly,)-450.3(for)-446.7(many)]TJ
T*
[(women,)-421.2(pregnancy)-422.3(is)-422.6(the)-419.3(only)-419.2(time)-421.8(they)-420.4(maintain)-421.7(regular)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(contact)-408.9(with)-403(health)-406.6(care)-405.3(providers)-402.6(further)-406.3(highlighting)-405.5(the)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(need)-283.2(to)-278.8(form)-282(a)-278.7(trusting)-285.4(patientprovider)-286.5(relationship.)]TJ
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 273.0897 302.1165 Tm
(93)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 72 286.8094 Tm
[(There)-320(is)-318.9(a)-324.8(growing)-319.7(consensus)-322.7(that)-322.6(screening)-324.3(for)-320(IPV)-320.8(is)-318.9(a)]TJ
-1.0137 -1.1174 TD
[(safe)-352.1(and)-350(effective)-354.6(practice)-359.3(and)-350(a)-347.8(necessary)-354(rst)-355.5(step)-351.1(in)-347.9(ad-)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(dressing)-274.6(IPV.)-278.1(Less)-277.1(clear)-274(is)-272.8(how)-274.9(to)-273(intervene)-278.6(with)-276.2(IPV)-274.7(in)-273(the)]TJ
T*
[(perinatal)-526.4(care)-526.2(setting)-527.4(and)-522.8(which)-526(interventions)-529.6(should)-524.9(be)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(adopted.)-405.3(Home)-399.3(visitation)-404.3(\(HV\))-403.5(is)-405.3(one)-401.9(such)-397(targeted)-409.9(inter-)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(vention)-256.8(designed)-258.7(to)-261.5(prevent)-257.8(or)-255.6(reduce)-257.7(IPV)-257.4(victimization)-261.7(and)]TJ
T*
[(perpetration.)-394.9(The)-391.6(Nurse)-8.4(Family)-389.2(Partnership,)-397.9(developed)-393.7(by)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(David)-232.3(Olds)-229.8(et)-233.9(al.,)-229.2(is)-232.5(a)-232.6(well-known)-233(HV)-228.6(program)-234.7(that)-230.5(has)-228.9(been)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(tested)-464(in)-457.3(several)-466.1(randomized)-465.1(controlled)-463(trials)-457.2(with)-460.5(young)]TJ
T*
[(high-risk)-470.7(pregnant)-472(women.)]TJ
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 172.8566 192.5291 Tm
(94)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 184.8755 188.1637 Tm
[(Addressing)-473.5(IPV)-464.8(was)-471.7(not)-470(an)]TJ
-12.4813 -1.1116 TD
[(original)-240.7(goal)-236.1(of)-232.6(the)-235(program,)-238.1(yet)-240.7(the)-235(intensity)-236(of)-238.3(the)-235(program)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(presents)-293.1(a)-290.2(unique)-290.1(opportunity)-288.9(for)-285.5(fostering)-293.3(relationships)-293.2(be-)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(tween)-221.9(nurses)-226.2(and)-223.3(mothers,)-220.8(thereby)-223.2(offering)-223.1(an)-222.2(opportunity)-225.6(to)]TJ
T*
[(intervene)-272.8(with)-264.7(women)-268(experiencing)-271.5(IPV.)-266.6(In)-261.4(one)-269.4(trial,)-269.6(nurse-)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(visited)-204.9(women)-210.4(reported)-207(signicantly)-205.8(less)-206.9(IPV)-205.6(exposure)-206.7(in)-203.9(the)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(previous)-263.3(6)-260.3(months)-267(at)-262.7(the)-258(4-year)-268.1(follow-up)-264.4(as)-262.4(compared)-261.2(with)]TJ
T*
[(women)-388.9(in)-388.2(the)-384.7(control)-389.2(group.)]TJ
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 179.4897 115.8235 Tm
(95)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 190.6582 111.4582 Tm
[(Another)-390(promising)-385.6(IPV)-389.9(in-)]TJ
-13.0688 -1.1174 TD
[(tervention)-295.9(includes)-299.2(the)-298.3(Domestic)-295.5(Violence)-301.4(Enhanced)-301.5(Home)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(Visitation)-272.7(Program)-269.1(\(DOVE\),)-273(delivered)-272.8(within)-267.1(the)-269.5(context)-269.5(of)]TJ
T*
[(HV.)-404.8(This)-397.2(program)-401.7(is)-399.6(being)-404.2(tested)-400.7(in)-399.7(urban)-404.1(and)-401.9(rural)-398.4(sites)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(within)-353.5(the)-344.4(United)-354.5(States.)]TJ
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 162.5385 72 Tm
(96)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 173.3669 67.5779 Tm
[(An)-348.7(important)-352.5(challenge)-354.6(for)-348.8(HV)]TJ
-11.3121 -1.1116 TD
[(programs)-368.1(is)-370.8(identifying)-370.9(and)-367.3(retaining)-369.7(abused)-371.6(pregnant)-368.3(wo-)]TJ
25.504 67.9184 TD
[(men)-184.2(in)-186.6(their)-179.7(programs,)-187.2(and)-183(this)-183(is)-180.7(an)-187.7(area)-180.7(in)-186.6(need)-185.3(of)-180.7(additional)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(resear)-9.8(ch.)]TJ
1.0137 -1.1116 TD
[(Other)-330.2(research)-330(has)-326.8(examined)-330.4(the)-327.1(efcacy)-334.7(of)-324.7(a)-324.8(psychobe-)]TJ
-1.0137 -1.1116 TD
[(havioral)-293.6(intervention)-292.5(in)-284.5(reducing)-287.7(IPV)-292(during)-283.2(pregnancy)-295.6(and)]TJ
T*
[(in)-324.9(the)-321.4(postpartum)-318.7(period)-324.7(nding)-317.6(women)-325.6(in)-319.1(the)-321.4(intervention)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(group)-449(were)-451.1(less)-448.8(likely)-451.7(to)-451.6(have)-444.5(recurrent)-456.9(episodes)-448.6(of)-445.7(IPV)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(victimizat)-10.6(ion)-331.7(\(OR)]TJ
/F8 1 Tf
7.5337 0 TD
(=)Tj
/F5 1 Tf
.72 0 TD
[(0.48,)-338.5(95%)-332.7(CI)]TJ
/F8 1 Tf
5.6733 0 TD
(=)Tj
/F5 1 Tf
.72 0 TD
[(0.260.80\),)-335.9(and)-332.8(women)]TJ
-14.6469 -1.1116 TD
[(report)-7.8(ing)-297.2(severe)-309.4(IPV)-303.5(showed)-302.2(signicantly)-303.7(reduced)-304.9(episodes)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(at)-591(follow-up)-587(in)-584.1(the)-586.3(postpartum)-583.7(period)-589.6(\(OR)]TJ
/F8 1 Tf
19.1568 0 TD
(=)Tj
/F5 1 Tf
.72 0 TD
[(0.39,)-586.1(95%)]TJ
-19.8767 -1.1116 TD
(CI)Tj
/F8 1 Tf
1.1692 0 TD
(=)Tj
/F5 1 Tf
.72 0 TD
(0.180.82\).)Tj
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 376.781 630.8786 Tm
(97)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 388.2896 626.5132 Tm
[(These)-429.3(results)-423.4(support)-422.3(the)-419.3(use)-424.7(of)-422.6(a)-422.7(rela-)]TJ
-7.6431 -1.1116 TD
[(tively)-468.9(brief)-461.8(intervention)-465.3(delivered)-462.9(during)-461.7(pregnancy.)-466.1(Yet,)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(other)-433(studies)-435(implementing)-433.2(interventions)-431.6(did)-429.6(not)-429.6(nd)-435.1(sig-)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(nicant)-517(differences)-511.9(in)-509.2(IPV)-510.8(between)-513.3(the)-505.7(intervention)-517.1(and)]TJ
T*
[(control)-429.6(groups)-426.8(however)-431.3(these)-428.2(were)-428(pilot)-432.1(studies.)]TJ
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 514.4313 587.0549 Tm
(98,99)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 535.2943 582.6896 Tm
(Fur-)Tj
-22.578 -1.1116 TD
[(thermore,)-459.4(in)-457.3(one)-453.7(of)-457.2(the)-453.8(pilot)-460.9(studies,)-455.7(the)-453.9(majority)-460.8(of)-457.2(the)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(sampl)-7.8(e)-428.5(reported)-431.7()45(severe)51.3()-433(abuse,)-431.5(which)-433.9(related)-437.6(to)-428.5(greater)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(impairmen)-9.2(t.)-275.4(Thus,)-273.8(the)-275.3(impact)-281.1(of)-272.9(a)-278.7(brief)-277.4(intervention)-275.2(may)-276.4(be)]TJ
T*
[(limit)-7.3(ed)-331.7(in)-336.4(women)-337.1(with)-339.6(severe)-338.2(forms)-334.8(of)-336.2(abuse.)]TJ
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 499.8613 543.2313 Tm
(98)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 510.5196 538.866 Tm
[(This)-339.6(high-)]TJ
-20.0611 -1.1174 TD
[(lights)-214.2(the)-211.9(need)-214.1(for)-210.6(additional)-215.5(large-scale,)-217.2(rigorous)-210.3(research)-214.8(to)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(provid)-6.7(e)-336.3(evidence)-341.9(about)-340.9(the)-338.7(effects)-345.1(of)-336.2(interventions)-345.2(in)-336.4(miti-)]TJ
T*
[(gating)-284.5(the)-281.1(impact)-281.1(of)-284.4(violence.)]TJ
/F4 1 Tf
8.9663 0 0 8.9663 313.0582 478.5447 Tm
(Discussion)Tj
/F5 1 Tf
9.843 0 0 9.843 323.0361 462.1038 Tm
[(Taken)-343.1(together,)-337.3(a)-336.3(burgeoning)-340.6(body)-338.5(of)-336.2(literature)-343.3(supports)]TJ
-1.0137 -1.1116 TD
[(the)-309.9(role)-305.2(of)-301.7(IPV)-309.2(during)-300.4(pregnancy)-312.9(in)-301.8(contributing)-308.6(to)-301.8(adverse)]TJ
T*
[(maternal)-440(and)-430.7(neonatal)-433(outcomes.)-430.4(Yet,)-435.1(maternal)-434.2(complica-)]TJ
T*
[(tions)-339.6(of)-336.2(pregnancy)-341.7(\(e.g.)-339.6(preeclampsia,)-340.5(gestational)-344.2(diabetes\))]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(that)-311.1(are)-310.9(associated)-309.3(with)-310.8(a)-301.8(lower)-312.9(prevalence)-310.7(of)-307.4(maternal)-313.3(and)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(fetal)-307.6(death)-301.7(than)-305.2(IPV)-303.5(receive)-306.2(greater)-305(interest)-305(and)-304(support)-301.4(for)]TJ
T*
[(assessment,)-513.9(intervention,)-509(and)-505.6(prevention.)-512.3(Several)-506.5(mecha-)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(nisms)-507.6(for)-504.3(how)-505.3(IPV)-505.1(may)-506.8(inuence)-507.6(adverse)-506.3(maternal)-509.1(and)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(neona)-7.8(tal)-304.2(outcomes)-306.1(have)-306.2(been)-306.2(proposed,)-306.9(including)-311(direct)-302.9(ef-)]TJ
T*
[(fects,)-201.2(mental)-200.5(health)-205(effects,)-198.8(behavioral)-204.8(effects,)-198.8(and)-200.3(biological)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(effects,)-244.9(all)-240.9(of)-238.3(which)-243.8(offer)-242.7(health)-239.6(care)-244(providers)-241.3(opportunities)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(to)-330.6(intervene.)-328.1(Screening)-330.1(for)-325.8(IPV)-326.5(during)-329.2(pregnancy)-330.2(is)-324.7(an)-331.7(im-)]TJ
T*
[(portant)-251(rst)-246.1(step,)-245.1(and)-246.4(training)-246.5(of)-249.8(providers)-247.1(in)-244.2(identifying)-249.9(and)]TJ
T*
[(treating)-345.6(IPV)-343.8(during)-340.8(the)-344.4(perinatal)-347.8(period)-341.9(is)-342(critical.)-344.5(In)-342(addi-)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(tion,)-411.3(developing)-411(and)-413.4(testing)-412.2(rigorous,)-409.5(evidence-based)-419.7(pro-)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(grams)-307.2(that)-305.3(can)-310.9(reduce)-303.8(IPV)-309.2(and)-304(improve)-303.9(maternal,)-310.9(neonatal,)]TJ
T*
[(and)-286.7(early)-278.6(childhood)-282(outcomes)-283(is)-284.4(needed.)]TJ
1.0137 -1.1174 TD
[(Efforts)-308.3(to)-301.8(effectively)-310.8(prevent)-309.6(the)-304.1(initiation)-306.7(of)-307.4(IPV)-303.5(should)]TJ
-1.0137 -1.1116 TD
[(focus)-398.1(on)-393.9(healthy)-396.2(relationships)-402.6(across)-394.4(the)-396.3(lifespan,)-400.5(with)-391.4(an)]TJ
T*
[(emphasis)-248.3(on)-244.1(children)-241.7(and)-246.4(youth.)-239.5(Programs)-246.9(and)-240.6(policies)-247.5(must)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(be)-193.4(developed)-197.8(that)-190.1(are)-189.9(culturally)-198.1(based)-191.9(and)-194.5(responsive)-191.6(to)-192.4(those)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(populations)-307.2(at)-303(greatest)-300.3(risk.)-307.2(The)-299.4(causes)-303.5(of)-301.7(IPV)-303.5(are)-299.3(complex)]TJ
T*
[(and)-315.5(often)-317.8(the)-315.6(result)-313.1(of)-313.2(individual,)-315.6(familial,)-321.6(community,)-316.7(and)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(societal)-208.3(factors.)-209.2(It)-203.9(is)-203.7(important)-202.7(to)-203.9(nd)-204.7(ways)-202.1(to)-203.9(include)-206.1(diverse)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(profess)-8.4(ional)-444.7(perspectives)-449.7(as)-446.7(well)-450.2(as)-446.7(increased)-452.2(community)]TJ
T*
[(participati)-10.5(on)-324.7(to)-330.6(address)-337.9(IPV)-326.5(in)-330.6(diverse)-332.5(communiti)-8.2(es.)-329.1(These)]TJ
T*
[(perspective)-11(s)-438.6(may)-449.2(include,)-445.7(but)-441.2(are)-443.3(not)-446.9(limited)-442.6(to,)-443.5(law)-443.2(en-)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(forcement,)-622.9(nurses,)-621.3(physicians,)-615.7(social)-619.5(workers,)-623.5(advocacy)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(groups,)-349.6(and)-338.5(academic)-11.3(community)-342.1(collaborations.)-350.9(Effective)]TJ
T*
[(respon)-7.5(ses)-407.3(to)-411.3(IPV)-412.9(require)-413.3(comprehensive,)-415.2(well-coordinated)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(policies)-212.9(and)-206.1(procedures)-210.1(that)-207.4(maximize)-210.8(community)-209.6(resources.)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(Colla)-8(borations)-201.2(across)-204.3(disciplines)-204.6(are)-207.2(essential)-203.5(if)-203.9(we)-200.1(are)-207.2(going)]TJ
T*
[(to)-388.2(make)-382.3(progress)-383.9(in)-388.2(reducing)-385.6(the)-379(disparities)-388.9(in)-382.5(health)-389.3(out-)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(come)-8(s)-277.4(for)-279.7(mothers)-286.5(and)-280.9(children.)]TJ
/F4 1 Tf
8.9663 0 0 8.9663 313.0582 73.0771 Tm
[(Author)-338.7(Disclosure)-336.7(Statement)]TJ
/F5 1 Tf
9.843 0 0 9.843 323.0361 56.6362 Tm
[(No)-279.5(competing)-284.4(nancial)-283.1(interests)-288.7(exist.)]TJ
/F4 1 Tf
8.9663 0 0 8.9663 62.022 749.6502 Tm
(4)Tj
46.2837 0 TD
[(ALHUSEN)-335.2(ET)-338.7(AL.)]TJ
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(References)Tj
/F5 1 Tf
9.2951 0 0 9.2951 69.0519 704.2392 Tm
[(1.)-500.4(Shah)-440.7(PS,)-445.3(Shah)-440.7(J.)-438.5(Knowledge)-445.4(synthesis)-447(group)-436.1(on)-445.5(deter-)]TJ
1.2503 -1.1284 TD
[(minants)-551.7(of)-545.4(preterm/LBW)-548.6(births.)-550.2(Maternal)-550.9(exposure)-547.7(to)]TJ
0 -1.1223 TD
[(domestic)-379.2(violence)-378.6(and)-376.7(pregnancy)-382.2(and)-376.7(birth)-373.9(outcomes:)-379.3(A)]TJ
0 -1.1284 TD
[(systematic)-424.9(review)-415.1(and)-419.4(meta-analyses.)-418.4(J)-420.1(Womens)-416.8(Health)]TJ
0 -1.1223 TD
[(\(Larchmt\))-340.8(2010;19:20172031.)]TJ
-1.2503 -1.1284 TD
[(2.)-500.4(Campbell)-519(JC.)-522.7(Health)-515.9(consequences)-521.2(of)-521(intimate)-519.2(partner)]TJ
1.2503 -1.1223 TD
[(violence.)-336(Lancet)-338.1(2002;359:13311336.)]TJ
-1.2503 -1.1284 TD
[(3.)-500.4(Murphy)-252.5(CC,)-253.9(Schei)-249.3(B,)-255.1(Myhr)-246.1(TL,)-254.2(Du)-251.9(Mont)-249.3(J.)-249.4(Abuse:)-255.3(A)-251.8(risk)]TJ
1.2503 -1.1223 TD
[(factor)-537.9(for)-529.6(low)-532.1(birth)-532.5(weight?)-540.5(A)-532.3(systematic)-534.7(review)-537.1(and)]TJ
0 -1.1284 TD
[(meta-analysis.)-340.5(CMAJ)-334.7(2001;164:15671572.)]TJ
-1.2503 -1.1223 TD
[(4.)-500.4(Kiely)-444.5(M,)-444.7(El-Mohandes)-445.1(AA,)-442.7(Gantz)-443.2(MG,)-440.3(Chowdhury)-443(D,)]TJ
1.2503 -1.1284 TD
[(Thornberry)-368.3(JS,)-362.2(El-Khorazaty)-362.9(MN.)-367.2(Understanding)-365.9(the)-363.9(as-)]TJ
0 -1.1223 TD
[(sociation)-263.3(of)-258.8(biomedical,)-262.1(psychosocial)-261.5(and)-254.7(behavioral)-265.3(risks)]TJ
0 -1.1284 TD
[(with)-373.1(adverse)-368.8(pregnancy)-370(outcomes)-367.5(among)-370.5(African)-368.8(Amer-)]TJ
0 -1.1223 TD
[(icans)-239.4(in)-237.6(Washington,)-245.9(DC.)-238.5(Matern)-236(Child)-242.2(Health)-241.5(J.)-237.2(2011;15:)]TJ
0 -1.1284 TD
(S85S95.)Tj
-1.2503 -1.1223 TD
[(5.)-500.4(Silverman)-586.7(JG,)-580.5(Decker)-584.6(MR,)-583.8(Reed)-587.1(E,)-581.5(Raj)-582.2(A.)-581.2(Intimate)]TJ
1.2503 -1.1284 TD
[(partner)-379.4(violence)-378.6(around)-379.5(the)-376.1(time)-375.3(of)-380.8(pregnancy:)-375.7(Associa-)]TJ
0 -1.1223 TD
[(tion)-725.2(with)-726.8(breastfeeding)-728.8(behavior.)-725(J)-719(Womens)-727.8(Health)]TJ
0 -1.1284 TD
[(\(Larchmt\))-340.8(2006;15:934940.)]TJ
-1.2503 -1.1223 TD
[(6.)-500.4(El)-251.7(Kady)-250.3(D,)-251.9(Gilbert)-251.4(WM,)-254(Xing)-245.6(G,)-251.9(Smith)-252.1(LH.)-247.8(Maternal)-258.2(and)]TJ
1.2503 -1.1284 TD
[(neonatal)-439.6(outcomes)-440.7(of)-435.6(assaults)-444.9(during)-435.7(pregnancy.)-437.2(Obstet)]TJ
0 -1.1223 TD
[(Gynecol)-339.8(2005;105:357363.)]TJ
-1.2503 -1.1284 TD
[(7.)-500.4(Martin)-273.9(SL,)-273.5(Mackie)-268.3(L,)-276.6(Kupper)-271.2(LL,)-266.4(Buescher)-276.2(PA,)-273.2(Moracco)]TJ
1.2503 -1.1223 TD
[(KE.)-436.9(Physical)-437.4(abuse)-435.2(of)-429.6(women)-433(before,)-440.9(during,)-429.6(and)-437.7(after)]TJ
0 -1.1284 TD
[(pregnancy.)-339.6(JAMA)-331.5(2001;285:15811584.)]TJ
-1.2503 -1.1223 TD
[(8.)-500.4(Saltzman)-460.3(LE,)-455.5(Johnson)-456.7(CH,)-452(Gilbert)-458.7(BC,)-455.2(Goodwin)-461(MM.)]TJ
1.2503 -1.1284 TD
[(Physical)-339.8(abuse)-337.6(around)-342.9(the)-333.4(time)-338.7(of)-338.1(pregnancy:)-339.1(An)-337.3(exami-)]TJ
T*
[(nation)-327.2(of)-332(prevalence)-329.2(and)-327.9(risk)-330.8(factors)-329.8(in)-329.1(16)-323.5(states.)-329.7(Matern)]TJ
0 -1.1223 TD
[(Child)-333.7(Health)-339.1(J)-334.7(2003;7:3143.)]TJ
-1.2503 -1.1284 TD
[(9.)-500.4(Tjaden)-364.4(P,)-356.9(Thoennes)-358.2(N.)-361.6(Full)-356.1(report)-362.9(of)-356.4(the)-363.9(prevalence,)-359.8(in-)]TJ
1.2503 -1.1223 TD
[(cidence,)-487(and)-480.4(consequences)-484.6(of)-478.3(violence)-488.4(against)-477(women:)]TJ
0 -1.1284 TD
[(Findings)-575.4(from)-565.9(the)-577.4(National)-570.6(Violence)-575.3(Against)-572(Women)]TJ
0 -1.1223 TD
[(Survey.)-394.6(Research)-396.3(Report.)-395.9(Washington,)-392.3(DC:)-390.5(National)-399.8(In-)]TJ
0 -1.1284 TD
[(stitute)-331.4(of)-319.8(Justice)-329.8(and)-327.9(the)-321.2(Centers)-332.2(for)-322.2(Disease)-330(Control)-330.2(and)]TJ
0 -1.1223 TD
[(Prevention,)-337.3(2000;181867.)]TJ
-1.7505 -1.1284 TD
[(10.)-500.5(Vest)-431.8(JR,)-425.1(Catlin)-422.9(TK,)-430.8(Chen)-424.3(JJ,)-425.5(Brownson)-429.8(RC.)-424.7(Multistate)]TJ
1.7505 -1.1223 TD
[(analysis)-433.6(of)-435.7(factors)-433.5(associated)-436.2(with)-427.9(intimate)-433.8(partner)-434.3(vio-)]TJ
0 -1.1284 TD
[(lence.)-336.1(Am)-336.9(J)-334.7(Prev)-333.3(Med)-333.3(2002;22:156164.)]TJ
-1.7505 -1.1223 TD
[(11.)-500.5(Bailey)-628.9(BA,)-622.7(Daugherty)-629.1(RA.)-628.8(Intimate)-625.8(partner)-623.4(violence)]TJ
1.7505 -1.1284 TD
[(during)-533.2(pregnancy:)-534.3(Incidence)-532.2(and)-535.3(associated)-533.8(health)-532.7(be-)]TJ
0 -1.1223 TD
[(haviors)-585.5(in)-585.2(a)-583.8(rural)-588.4(population.)-583.4(Matern)-589.7(Child)-583.8(Health)-589.1(J)]TJ
0 -1.1284 TD
(2007;11:495503.)Tj
-1.7505 -1.1223 TD
[(12.)-500.5(Al)17(hu)24.1(se)20.8(n)-512.5(J)12.9(L,)-502.2(Lu)22.2(ce)21.8(a)-510.6(M)0(B)20.1(,)-512.4(B)13.4(u)0(l)18.6(l)12.6(oc)19.9(k)-512.5(L)0(,)-496.1(S)0(h)21.2(a)0(r)17.6(p)0(s)-499.5(P)0(.)-497.1(I)0(n)21.8(t)0(i)19.2(m)12.5(at)20.5(e)]TJ
1.7505 -1.1284 TD
[(pa)19.9(rt)22.4(ne)19.9(r)-350.1(v)0(i)24.7(o)0(l)18.6(e)0(n)19.9(c)14(e,)-339.9(s)12.9(u)0(b)18(s)12.9(ta)20.5(nc)19.9(e)-345.9(u)0(s)18.9(e)0(,)-333.8(a)0(n)19.9(d)-347.8(ad)19.9(ve)19.9(rs)22.7(e)-345.9(n)0(e)19.9(o)0(n)18(a)0(t)20.5(a)0(l)-333.3(o)0(u)18(t)12.6(-)]TJ
0 -1.1223 TD
[(co)19.9(m)12.5(e)0(s)-314.7(a)0(m)20.3(o)0(n)18(g)-323.4(ur)21.8(ba)19.9(n)-317.3(w)0(o)16.4(m)12.5(en)19.9(.)-323.3(J)-322.5(Pe)23.1(di)18.6(at)20.5(r)-319.6(2)0(0)18(1)0(3)24.1(;)0(1)18.6(6)0(3)24.1(:)0(4)18.6(7)0(1)24.1()0(4)18(7)0(6)24.1(.)]TJ
-1.7505 -1.1284 TD
[(13.)-500.5(Bailey)-702.1(BA.)-695.9(Partner)-699.5(violence)-695.7(during)-697.9(pregnancy:)-698.9(Pre-)]TJ
1.7505 -1.1223 TD
[(valence,)-438.2(effects,)-431.6(screening,)-435.7(and)-431.6(management.)-437.8(Int)-429.1(J)-432.3(Wo-)]TJ
0 -1.1284 TD
[(mens)-338.9(Health)-333(2010;2:183197.)]TJ
-1.7505 -1.1223 TD
[(14.)-500.5(Sa)17(l)12.6(t)12.6(z)0(m)20.3(a)0(n)-480.2(L)0(E)20.3(,)-488(Fa)17(ns)25(lo)18.6(w)-489.7(J)12.9(L,)-483.9(M)12.8(c)0(M)20.7(a)0(h)19.9(o)0(n)-476(P)0(M)22(,)-494.1(S)15.3(h)0(e)19.9(l)0(l)19.2(e)0(y)-480.2(G)0(A)21(.)]TJ
1.7505 -1.1284 TD
[(In)21.8(ti)19.2(m)12.5(a)0(t)20.5(e)-315.4(pa)19.9(rt)22.4(ne)19.9(r)-313.5(v)0(i)18.6(o)0(l)24.7(e)0(n)19.9(c)0(e)-301.5(s)0(u)18.9(r)0(v)21.8(e)0(i)20.5(l)12.6(la)14.4(nc)26(e:)-302.8(Un)16.4(i)12.6(f)0(o)21.8(r)0(m)-301(d)0(e)19.9()0(n)21.2(i)0(t)19.2(i)12.6(on)18(s)]TJ
0 -1.1223 TD
[(an)19.9(d)-274.6(r)0(e)23.7(c)0(o)19.9(m)0(m)18.9(e)0(n)19.9(d)0(e)19.9(d)-268.5(da)19.9(t)12.6(a)-272.7(el)14.4(e)14(m)0(e)20.3(n)0(t)18.6(s)12.9(,)-274.5(v)0(e)19.9(r)0(s)22.7(i)12.6(on)-262.6(1.)18.1(0.)-256.4(At)17(l)12.6(a)0(n)19.9(t)12.6(a,)-266.7(GA)21(:)]TJ
0 -1.1284 TD
[(Ce)21.2(nt)18.6(er)17.6(s)-664.1(f)0(o)21.8(r)-661.2(Di)17(s)12.9(e)0(a)15.7(s)12.9(e)-663.1(C)0(o)19.3(n)0(t)18.6(r)0(o)21.8(l)-664.4(an)19.9(d)-665(P)15.3(re)17.6(ve)19.9(nt)24.7(io)18.6(n,)-652.8(Na)18.3(t)12.6(i)0(o)18.6(n)0(a)19.9(l)]TJ
0 -1.1223 TD
[(Ce)21.2(nt)18.6(er)-311.8(fo)21.8(r)-325.7(I)0(n)21.8(j)12.6(ur)15.7(y)-317.3(P)0(r)18.9(e)0(v)19.9(e)0(n)19.9(t)12.6(io)18.6(n)-323.4(a)14(nd)-311.3(Co)19.3(nt)18.6(ro)21.8(l)12.6(,)-323.3(20)18(02)24.1(.)]TJ
-1.7505 -1.1284 TD
[(15.)-500.5(Campbell)-360.4(JC,)-358(Garcia-Moreno)-355.3(C,)-358.8(Sharps)-357.1(P.)-356.9(Abuse)-353.3(during)]TJ
1.7505 -1.1223 TD
[(pregnancy)-644.5(in)-646.2(industrialized)-647.5(and)-645.1(developing)-643(countries.)]TJ
0 -1.1284 TD
[(Violence)-337.5(Against)-334.1(Women)-338.2(2004;10:770789.)]TJ
-1.7505 -1.1223 TD
[(16.)-500.5(McFarlane)-406.3(J,)-395.8(Campbell)-403.1(JC,)-394.6(Sharps)-399.8(P,)-399.6(Watson)-398.3(K.)-398.2(Abuse)]TJ
1.7505 -1.1284 TD
[(during)-423.5(pregnancy)-418.8(and)-419.4(femicide:)-428.8(Urgent)-417(implications)-426.8(for)]TJ
0 -1.1223 TD
[(womens)-337.2(health.)-337.6(Obstet)-334(Gynecol)-333.7(2002;100:2736.)]TJ
-1.7505 -1.1284 TD
[(17.)-500.5(Campbell)-403.1(J,)-401.9(Oliver)-404.3(C,)-401.4(Bullock)-405.3(L.)-398.6(The)-403(dynamics)-404.1(of)-405.2(bat-)]TJ
1.7505 -1.1284 TD
[(tering)-384.4(during)-380.8(pregnancy:)-387.9(Womens)-382.6(explanations)-383.8(of)-380.8(why.)]TJ
27.0135 70.9036 TD
[(In:)-618.2(Campbell)-622.7(J,)-615.3(ed.)-620.6(Empowering)-620.4(survivors)-619.6(of)-618.6(abuse:)]TJ
0 -1.1223 TD
[(Health)-705(care)-710.8(for)-700.4(battered)-710.3(women)-707.5(and)-706(their)-707.5(children.)]TJ
0 -1.1284 TD
[(Thousand)-335.7(Oaks,)-334.9(CA:)-335.6(Sage,)-329.1(1998:8189.)]TJ
-1.7505 -1.1223 TD
[(18.)-500.5(Subramanian)-366.1(S,)-363(Katz)-363.7(KS,)-364.7(Rodan)-363.5(M,)-365.4(et)-363.8(al.)-363.8(An)-361.7(integrated)]TJ
1.7505 -1.1283 TD
[(randomized)-503.3(intervention)-504.2(to)-505.9(reduce)-503.7(behavioral)-509.3(and)-498.7(psy-)]TJ
0 -1.1223 TD
[(chosocial)-243.7(risks:)-238.1(Pregnancy)-244.8(and)-242.5(neonatal)-244.4(outcomes.)-245.6(Matern)]TJ
0 -1.1284 TD
[(Child)-333.7(Health)-333(J)-334.7(2012;16:545554.)]TJ
-1.7505 -1.1223 TD
[(19.)-500.5(C)13.4(h)0(a)19.9(m)12.5(bl)18.6(i)12.6(s)0(s)-218.1(L)0(R)17.4(.)-231.8(I)15.8(n)0(t)18.6(i)12.6(ma)20.3(te)-223.5(pa)19.9(r)15.8(t)0(n)18.6(e)0(r)-220.3(v)0(i)24.7(o)0(l)18.6(e)0(n)19.9(c)0(e)-222.2(a)14(nd)-219.9(i)12.6(t)0(s)-218.4(i)0(m)19(p)0(l)18.6(i)12.6(ca)21.8(ti)19.2(on)]TJ
1.7505 -1.1284 TD
[(fo)21.8(r)-319.6(p)0(r)21.8(e)0(g)19.9(n)0(a)19.9(n)0(c)19.9(y)0(.)-311.3(C)0(l)19.9(i)12.6(n)-323.4(O)0(b)16.4(s)12.9(t)12.6(e)0(t)-315(G)0(y)22.5(n)0(e)19.9(c)0(o)19.9(l)-322.8(20)18(08)24.1(;)12.6(5)0(1)18(:)12.6(38)18(5)24.1(39)18(7.)]TJ
-1.7505 -1.1223 TD
[(20.)-500.5(Cha)-491.3(S,)-491(Masho)-497.3(SW.)-489.4(Discussions)-496.7(about)-492.3(intimate)-494.8(partner)]TJ
1.7505 -1.1284 TD
[(violence)-445.7(during)-447.9(prenatal)-448(care)-448.6(in)-445(the)-443.2(United)-444.6(States:)-448.9(The)]TJ
0 -1.1223 TD
[(role)-378.6(of)-380.8(race/ethnicity)-382.4(and)-382.8(insurance)-380.7(status.)-380.4(Matern)-382.3(Child)]TJ
0 -1.1284 TD
[(Health)-333(J)-334.7(2014;18:14131422.)]TJ
-1.7505 -1.1284 TD
[(21.)-500.5(Goodwin)-265.9(MM,)-267.3(Gazmararian)-271.8(JA,)-263.3(Johnson)-267.6(CH,)-269(Gilbert)-269.7(BC,)]TJ
1.7505 -1.1223 TD
[(Saltzman)-295.7(LE.)-296.9(Pregnancy)-299.7(intendedness)-304.2(and)-297.4(physical)-294.2(abuse)]TJ
0 -1.1284 TD
[(around)-446.5(the)-449.3(time)-454.6(of)-447.8(pregnancy:)-448.9(Findings)-453.4(from)-450(the)-449.3(preg-)]TJ
0 -1.1223 TD
[(nancy)-576.4(risk)-580.9(assessment)-582.9(monitoring)-581.1(system,)-581.8(19961997.)]TJ
0 -1.1284 TD
[(Matern)-333.5(Child)-333.7(Health)-339.1(J)-334.7(2000;4:8592.)]TJ
-1.7505 -1.1223 TD
[(22.)-500.5(Dunn)-258.3(LL,)-266.4(Oths)-256.9(KS.)-267.1(Prenatal)-261.8(predictors)-262.5(of)-264.9(intimate)-263(partner)]TJ
1.7505 -1.1284 TD
[(abuse.)-331.6(J)-334.7(Obstet)-334(Gynecol)-339.8(Neonatal)-337.5(Nurs)-333(2004;33:5463.)]TJ
-1.7505 -1.1223 TD
[(23.)-500.5(Vintzileos)-660.9(A,)-660.5(Ananth)-658.7(CV,)-659.3(Smulian)-659.2(JC,)-663(Scorza)-659.1(WE,)]TJ
1.7505 -1.1284 TD
[(Knuppel)-280.7(RA.)-287.3(The)-287.1(impact)-282.2(of)-283.2(prenatal)-289.4(care)-283.9(on)-286.9(postneonatal)]TJ
0 -1.1223 TD
[(deaths)-337.2(in)-335.2(the)-333.4(presence)-342.7(and)-334(absence)-340.2(of)-338.1(antenatal)-339.7(high-risk)]TJ
0 -1.1284 TD
[(conditions.)-332.5(Am)-336.9(J)-334.7(Obstet)-334(Gynecol)-333.7(2002;187:12581262.)]TJ
-1.7505 -1.1223 TD
[(24.)-500.5(Kogan)-439.6(MD,)-440.3(Alexander)-444.2(GR,)-439.8(Kotelchuck)-447.5(M,)-438.6(Nagey)-443.8(DA.)]TJ
1.7505 -1.1284 TD
[(Relation)-317.6(of)-313.7(the)-315.1(content)-313.2(of)-313.7(prenatal)-319.9(care)-314.4(to)-316.9(the)-315.1(risk)-312.5(of)-313.7(low)]TJ
0 -1.1223 TD
[(birth)-392.2(weight:)-389.3(Maternal)-398.5(reports)-392.7(of)-386.9(health)-392.4(behavior)-395.6(advice)]TJ
0 -1.1284 TD
[(and)-492.6(initial)-496.4(prenatal)-496.8(care)-497.4(procedures.)-499.7(J)-493.3(A)0(m)-495.5(Med)-497.9(Assoc)]TJ
0 -1.1223 TD
(1994;271:13401345.)Tj
-1.7505 -1.1284 TD
[(25.)-500.5(Beydoun)-363.8(HA,)-363.4(Tamim)-365.2(H,)-361.7(Lincoln)-365.8(AM,)-361.1(Dooley)-365.9(SD,)-364.7(Bey-)]TJ
1.7505 -1.1223 TD
[(doun)-256.7(MA.)-257.4(Association)-258.2(of)-258.8(physical)-263.7(violence)-256.6(by)-256.4(an)-260.7(intimate)]TJ
0 -1.1284 TD
[(partner)-525.8(around)-525.8(the)-528.6(time)-527.7(of)-527.1(pregnancy)-528.6(with)-525.5(inadequate)]TJ
0 -1.1223 TD
[(gestational)-334.3(weight)-334.9(gain.)-333.6(Soc)-336.9(Sci)-336.3(Med)-333.3(2011;72:867873.)]TJ
-1.7505 -1.1284 TD
[(26.)-500.5(Kearney)-493.3(MH,)-489.1(Haggerty)-488.6(LA,)-491.8(Munro)-490.2(BH,)-488.6(Hawkins)-494.9(JW.)]TJ
1.7505 -1.1223 TD
[(Birth)-421.4(outcomes)-428.5(and)-425.5(maternal)-423.2(morbidity)-428.4(in)-420.6(abused)-429.2(preg-)]TJ
0 -1.1284 TD
[(nant)-278.7(women)-280.5(with)-275.5(public)-278.4(versus)-280.1(private)-285.1(health)-276.5(insurance.)-283.2(J)]TJ
0 -1.1223 TD
[(Nurs)-333(Scholarsh)-336.7(2003;35:345349.)]TJ
-1.7505 -1.1284 TD
[(27.)-500.5(Kearney)-359.1(MH,)-361.1(Munro)-356.1(BH,)-360.5(Kelly)-359.1(U,)-355.5(Hawkins)-360.7(JW.)-357.6(Health)]TJ
1.7505 -1.1223 TD
[(behaviors)-352.1(as)-345.2(mediators)-357.2(for)-346.6(the)-351.7(effect)-353(of)-350.3(partner)-349(abuse)-349.8(on)]TJ
0 -1.1284 TD
[(infant)-335.6(birth)-331.2(weight.)-334.9(Nurs)-333(Res)-337.9(2004;53:3645.)]TJ
9.2951 0 0 9.2951 315.496 306.7653 Tm
[(28.)-500.5(Anderson)-508.5(BA,)-506.9(Marshak)-510.3(HH,)-509.8(Hebbeler)-511.2(DL.)-510.1(Identifying)]TJ
1.7505 -1.1284 TD
[(intimate)-372.8(partner)-379.5(violence)-372.5(at)-376(entry)-372.6(to)-377.9(prenatal)-374.8(care:)-375(Clus-)]TJ
0 -1.1223 TD
[(tering)-347.8(routine)-354(clinical)-353(information.)-349.9(J)-353(Midwifery)-351.4(Womens)]TJ
0 -1.1284 TD
[(Health)-333(2002;47:353359.)]TJ
-1.7505 -1.1223 TD
[(29.)-500.5(Caetano)-444.8(R,)-444.1(McGrath)-445.1(C,)-444.1(Ramisetty-Mikler)-446.4(S,)-442.3(Field)-445.8(CA.)]TJ
1.7505 -1.1284 TD
[(Drinking,)-406.5(alcohol)-410.8(problems)-408.4(and)-407.2(the)-406.6(ve-year)-411.7(recurrence)]TJ
T*
[(and)-547.5(incidence)-553.7(of)-545.4(male)-550.8(to)-548.6(female)-551.5(and)-547.5(female)-551.5(to)-548.6(male)]TJ
0 -1.1223 TD
[(partner)-336.8(violence.)-336(Alcohol)-335(Clin)-333.6(Exp)-331.7(Res)-337.9(2005;29:98106.)]TJ
-1.7505 -1.1284 TD
[(30.)-500.5(El-Bassel)-320.8(N,)-319(Gilbert)-318.5(L,)-319.3(Wu)-321.8(E,)-319.3(Go)-319(H,)-319(Hill)-317.6(J.)-322.6(Relationship)]TJ
1.7505 -1.1223 TD
[(between)-575.8(drug)-576.2(abuse)-575.5(and)-571.9(intimate)-580.2(partner)-574.6(violence:)-573.3(A)]TJ
0 -1.1284 TD
[(longitudinal)-478.8(study)-475(among)-474.1(women)-481.8(receiving)-478.6(methadone.)]TJ
0 -1.1223 TD
[(Am)-330.8(J)-334.7(Public)-336.2(Health)-333(2005;95:465470.)]TJ
-1.7505 -1.1284 TD
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27.0135 68.6469 TD
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